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Perspectives and Consensus among International Orthopaedic Surgeons during Initial and Mid-lockdown Phases of Coronavirus Disease.

Identifieur interne : 001371 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001370; suivant : 001372

Perspectives and Consensus among International Orthopaedic Surgeons during Initial and Mid-lockdown Phases of Coronavirus Disease.

Auteurs : J Terrence Jose Jerome [Inde] ; Francisco Mercier [Portugal] ; Chaitanya S. Mudgal [États-Unis] ; Joan Arenas-Prat [Espagne] ; Gustavo Vinagre [Qatar] ; Chul Ki Goorens [Belgique] ; Ignacio J. Rivera-Chavarría [Costa Rica] ; Sreedharan Sechachalam [Singapour] ; Bolaji Mofikoya [Nigeria] ; Achilleas Thoma [Canada] ; Claudia Medina [Colombie] ; Ignacio J. Rivera-Chavarría [Costa Rica] ; Mark Henry [États-Unis] ; Ahmadreza Afshar [Iran] ; Zoe H. Dailiana [Grèce] ; Theddeus O H. Prasetyono [Indonésie] ; Stefano Artiaco [Italie] ; Thayur R. Madhusudhan [Royaume-Uni] ; Skender Ukaj ; Ole Reigstad [Norvège] ; Yoshitaka Hamada [Japon] ; Rajesh Bedi [Australie] ; Andrea Poggetti [Italie] ; Mohammad Manna Al-Qattan [Arabie saoudite] ; Mahdi Siala [France] ; Anand Viswanathan ; Rafael Romero-Reveron [Venezuela] ; Joon Pio Hong [Corée du Sud] ; Kamarul Ariffin Khalid [Malaisie] ; Shivashankar Bhaskaran [Inde] ; Krishnamoorthy Venkatadass [Inde] ; Somsak Leechavengvongs [Thaïlande] ; Chul Ki Goorens [Taïwan] ; Sifi Nazim [Algérie] ; Alexandru Valentin Georgescu [Roumanie] ; Mathias Tremp [Suisse] ; Kiran K. Nakarmi [Népal] ; Mohamed A. Ellabban [Égypte] ; Pingtak Chan [Hong Kong] ; Andrey Aristov [Russie] ; Sandeep Patel [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Constanza L. Moreno-Serrano [Colombie] ; Shwetabh Rai [Inde] ; Rishi Mugesh Kanna [Inde] ; Vijay A. Malshikare [Inde] ; Katsuhisa Tanabe [Japon] ; Simon Thomas [Inde] ; Kemal Gokkus [Turquie] ; Seung-Hoon Baek [Corée du Sud] ; Jerker Brandt [Suède] ; Yin Rith [Cambodge] ; Alfredo Olazabal [Argentine] ; Muhammad Saaiq [Pakistan] ; Vijay Patil [Royaume-Uni] ; N. Jithendran [Inde] ; Harshil Parekh [Inde] ; Yoshitaka Minamikawa [Japon] ; Abdulljawad Almabrouk Atagawi [Libye] ; Jalal Ahmed Hadi [Jordanie] ; Claudia Arroyo Berezowsky [Mexique] ; Joaquin Moya-Angeler [Espagne] ; Marco Antonio Altamirano-Cruz [Espagne] ; Luz Adriana Galvis R [Mexique] ; Alex Antezana ; Lukasz Paczesny [Pologne] ; Carlos Henrique Fernandes [Brésil] ; Md Asadullah [Bangladesh] ; Lo Yuan-Shun [République populaire de Chine] ; Biser Makelov [Bulgarie] ; Chaitanya Dodakundi [Émirats arabes unis] ; Rabindra Regmi [Népal] ; Ganarlo Urquizo Pereira [Pérou] ; Shuwei Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Binoy Sayoojianadhan [Inde] ; Ivan Callupe [Pérou] ; Mohamed I. Rakha [Égypte] ; Dino Papes [Croatie] ; Ramesh Prabu Ganesan [Inde] ; Mukesh Mohan [Inde] ; Arun Jeyaraman ; Ponnaian Prabhakar [Inde] ; Arungeethayan Rajniashokan [Inde] ; I. Geethan [Inde] ; Sugavanam Chandrasekar [Inde] ; Steffen Löw [Allemagne] ; Kannan Thangavelu [Inde] ; Luca Dei Giudici [Italie] ; Yuvarajan Palanisamy [Inde] ; Singaravadivelu Vaidyanathan [Inde] ; Jorge Boretto [Argentine] ; Monica Alexandra Ramirez [Colombie] ; Thirumalaisamy Subbiah Goundar [Inde] ; Thirumavalavan Kuppusamy [Inde] ; Kalaivanan Kanniyan [Inde] ; Atul Srivastava [Inde] ; Yung-Cheng Chiu [Taïwan] ; Anil K. Bhat [Inde] ; Nalli R. Gopinath [Inde] ; Vijayaraghavan P. Vasudevan [Inde] ; Vineet Abraham [Inde]

Source :

RBID : pubmed:33408440

Abstract

With a lot of uncertainty, unclear, and frequently changing management protocols, COVID-19 has significantly impacted the orthopaedic surgical practice during this pandemic crisis. Surgeons around the world needed closed introspection, contemplation, and prospective consensual recommendations for safe surgical practice and prevention of viral contamination. One hundred orthopaedic surgeons from 50 countries were sent a Google online form with a questionnaire explicating protocols for admission, surgeries, discharge, follow-up, relevant information affecting their surgical practices, difficulties faced, and many more important issues that happened during and after the lockdown. Ten surgeons critically construed and interpreted the data to form rationale guidelines and recommendations. Of the total, hand and microsurgery surgeons (52%), trauma surgeons (32%), joint replacement surgeons (20%), and arthroscopy surgeons (14%) actively participated in the survey. Surgeons from national public health care/government college hospitals (44%) and private/semiprivate practitioners (54%) were involved in the study. Countries had lockdown started as early as January 3, 2020 with the implementation of partial or complete lifting of lockdown in few countries while writing this article. Surgeons (58%) did not stop their surgical practice or clinics but preferred only emergency cases during the lockdown. Most of the surgeons (49%) had three-fourths reduction in their total patients turn-up and the remaining cases were managed by conservative (54%) methods. There was a 50 to 75% reduction in the number of surgeries. Surgeons did perform emergency procedures without COVID-19 tests but preferred reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR; 77%) and computed tomography (CT) scan chest (12%) tests for all elective surgical cases. Open fracture and emergency procedures (60%) and distal radius (55%) fractures were the most commonly performed surgeries. Surgeons preferred full personal protection equipment kits (69%) with a respirator (N95/FFP3), but in the case of unavailability, they used surgical masks and normal gowns. Regional/local anesthesia (70%) remained their choice for surgery to prevent the aerosolized risk of contaminations. Essential surgical follow-up with limited persons and visits was encouraged by 70% of the surgeons, whereas teleconsultation and telerehabilitation by 30% of the surgeons. Despite the protective equipment, one-third of the surgeons were afraid of getting infected and 56% feared of infecting their near and dear ones. Orthopaedic surgeons in private practice did face 50 to 75% financial loss and have to furlough 25% staff and 50% paramedical persons. Orthopaedics meetings were cancelled, and virtual meetings have become the preferred mode of sharing the knowledge and experiences avoiding human contacts. Staying at home, reading, and writing manuscripts became more interesting and an interesting lifestyle change is seen among the surgeons. Unanimously and without any doubt all accepted the fact that COVID-19 pandemic has reached an unprecedented level where personal hygiene, hand washing, social distancing, and safe surgical practices are the viable antidotes, and they have all slowly integrated these practices into their lives. Strict adherence to local authority recommendations and guidelines, uniform and standardized norms for admission, inpatient, and discharge, mandatory RT-PCR tests before surgery and in selective cases with CT scan chest, optimizing and regularizing the surgeries, avoiding and delaying nonemergency surgeries and follow-up protocols, use of teleconsultations cautiously, and working in close association with the World Health Organization and national health care systems will provide a conducive and safe working environment for orthopaedic surgeons and their fraternity and also will prevent the resurgence of COVID-19.

DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713964
PubMed: 33408440
PubMed Central: PMC7773504


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Le document en format XML

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<name sortKey="Artiaco, Stefano" sort="Artiaco, Stefano" uniqKey="Artiaco S" first="Stefano" last="Artiaco">Stefano Artiaco</name>
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<name sortKey="Reigstad, Ole" sort="Reigstad, Ole" uniqKey="Reigstad O" first="Ole" last="Reigstad">Ole Reigstad</name>
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<name sortKey="Bedi, Rajesh" sort="Bedi, Rajesh" uniqKey="Bedi R" first="Rajesh" last="Bedi">Rajesh Bedi</name>
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<name sortKey="Al Qattan, Mohammad Manna" sort="Al Qattan, Mohammad Manna" uniqKey="Al Qattan M" first="Mohammad Manna" last="Al-Qattan">Mohammad Manna Al-Qattan</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
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<name sortKey="Siala, Mahdi" sort="Siala, Mahdi" uniqKey="Siala M" first="Mahdi" last="Siala">Mahdi Siala</name>
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<name sortKey="Viswanathan, Anand" sort="Viswanathan, Anand" uniqKey="Viswanathan A" first="Anand" last="Viswanathan">Anand Viswanathan</name>
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<name sortKey="Romero Reveron, Rafael" sort="Romero Reveron, Rafael" uniqKey="Romero Reveron R" first="Rafael" last="Romero-Reveron">Rafael Romero-Reveron</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Trauma and Orthopaedic Departamento, Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country>
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<name sortKey="Hong, Joon Pio" sort="Hong, Joon Pio" uniqKey="Hong J" first="Joon Pio" last="Hong">Joon Pio Hong</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit, Asan Medical Center, Songpagu Seoul, Korea.</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Khalid, Kamarul Ariffin" sort="Khalid, Kamarul Ariffin" uniqKey="Khalid K" first="Kamarul Ariffin" last="Khalid">Kamarul Ariffin Khalid</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedics, IIUM Medical Centre, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country>
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<name sortKey="Bhaskaran, Shivashankar" sort="Bhaskaran, Shivashankar" uniqKey="Bhaskaran S" first="Shivashankar" last="Bhaskaran">Shivashankar Bhaskaran</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Iyer Orthopaedic Centre, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
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<name sortKey="Venkatadass, Krishnamoorthy" sort="Venkatadass, Krishnamoorthy" uniqKey="Venkatadass K" first="Krishnamoorthy" last="Venkatadass">Krishnamoorthy Venkatadass</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, India.</nlm:affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Leechavengvongs, Somsak" sort="Leechavengvongs, Somsak" uniqKey="Leechavengvongs S" first="Somsak" last="Leechavengvongs">Somsak Leechavengvongs</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Vichaiyut Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Vichaiyut Hospital, Bangkok</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bangkok</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Goorens, Chul Ki" sort="Goorens, Chul Ki" uniqKey="Goorens C" first="Chul Ki" last="Goorens">Chul Ki Goorens</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Taichung</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nazim, Sifi" sort="Nazim, Sifi" uniqKey="Nazim S" first="Sifi" last="Nazim">Sifi Nazim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Algiers Faculty of Medicine, Algiers, Algeria.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Algérie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Algiers Faculty of Medicine, Algiers</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Alger</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Wilaya d'Alger</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Georgescu, Alexandru Valentin" sort="Georgescu, Alexandru Valentin" uniqKey="Georgescu A" first="Alexandru Valentin" last="Georgescu">Alexandru Valentin Georgescu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Clinical Hospital for Rehabilitation, University of Medicine Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinical Hospital for Rehabilitation, University of Medicine Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj Napoca, Cluj-Napoca</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cluj-Napoca</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tremp, Mathias" sort="Tremp, Mathias" uniqKey="Tremp M" first="Mathias" last="Tremp">Mathias Tremp</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Dorfplatz 1, Cham, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Dorfplatz 1, Cham</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cham</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nakarmi, Kiran K" sort="Nakarmi, Kiran K" uniqKey="Nakarmi K" first="Kiran K" last="Nakarmi">Kiran K. Nakarmi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Kirtipur Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kirtipur Hospital, Kathmandu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kathmandu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ellabban, Mohamed A" sort="Ellabban, Mohamed A" uniqKey="Ellabban M" first="Mohamed A" last="Ellabban">Mohamed A. Ellabban</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Suez Canal University</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chan, Pingtak" sort="Chan, Pingtak" uniqKey="Chan P" first="Pingtak" last="Chan">Pingtak Chan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tuen Mun</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aristov, Andrey" sort="Aristov, Andrey" uniqKey="Aristov A" first="Andrey" last="Aristov">Andrey Aristov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Krasnodar, Russia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Krasnodar</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Krasnodar</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Patel, Sandeep" sort="Patel, Sandeep" uniqKey="Patel S" first="Sandeep" last="Patel">Sandeep Patel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Hamilton, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hamilton</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moreno Serrano, Constanza L" sort="Moreno Serrano, Constanza L" uniqKey="Moreno Serrano C" first="Constanza L" last="Moreno-Serrano">Constanza L. Moreno-Serrano</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Bogota, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bogota</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rai, Shwetabh" sort="Rai, Shwetabh" uniqKey="Rai S" first="Shwetabh" last="Rai">Shwetabh Rai</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Madhaw Market Lanka, Uttar Pradesh, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Madhaw Market Lanka, Uttar Pradesh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Uttar Pradesh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kanna, Rishi Mugesh" sort="Kanna, Rishi Mugesh" uniqKey="Kanna R" first="Rishi Mugesh" last="Kanna">Rishi Mugesh Kanna</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Coimbatore, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Coimbatore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Malshikare, Vijay A" sort="Malshikare, Vijay A" uniqKey="Malshikare V" first="Vijay A" last="Malshikare">Vijay A. Malshikare</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>18.52 North Hand and Wrist Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>18.52 North Hand and Wrist Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tanabe, Katsuhisa" sort="Tanabe, Katsuhisa" uniqKey="Tanabe K" first="Katsuhisa" last="Tanabe">Katsuhisa Tanabe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Nishinomiya Municipal Central Hospital, Hayashidacho, Nishinomiya, Japan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Nishinomiya Municipal Central Hospital, Hayashidacho, Nishinomiya</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nishinomiya</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thomas, Simon" sort="Thomas, Simon" uniqKey="Thomas S" first="Simon" last="Thomas">Simon Thomas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Ort hopaedics, Rohini, Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Ort hopaedics, Rohini, Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Delhi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gokkus, Kemal" sort="Gokkus, Kemal" uniqKey="Gokkus K" first="Kemal" last="Gokkus">Kemal Gokkus</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Alanya Research and Practice Center, Baskent University School of Medicine, Saray Mah, Antalya, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Alanya Research and Practice Center, Baskent University School of Medicine, Saray Mah, Antalya</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Antalya</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baek, Seung Hoon" sort="Baek, Seung Hoon" uniqKey="Baek S" first="Seung-Hoon" last="Baek">Seung-Hoon Baek</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Daegu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brandt, Jerker" sort="Brandt, Jerker" uniqKey="Brandt J" first="Jerker" last="Brandt">Jerker Brandt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>HandCenter, Öresund, Baltzarsgatan Malmö, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>HandCenter, Öresund, Baltzarsgatan Malmö</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Baltzarsgatan Malmö</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rith, Yin" sort="Rith, Yin" uniqKey="Rith Y" first="Yin" last="Rith">Yin Rith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Cambodia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cambodge</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Olazabal, Alfredo" sort="Olazabal, Alfredo" uniqKey="Olazabal A" first="Alfredo" last="Olazabal">Alfredo Olazabal</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, CABA, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Saaiq, Muhammad" sort="Saaiq, Muhammad" uniqKey="Saaiq M" first="Muhammad" last="Saaiq">Muhammad Saaiq</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Hand Surgery, National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), Islamabad, Pakistan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Hand Surgery, National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), Islamabad</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Islamabad</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Patil, Vijay" sort="Patil, Vijay" uniqKey="Patil V" first="Vijay" last="Patil">Vijay Patil</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Orthopedics, Hand and Microsurgery Unit, Basildon Unive rsity Hospital, Basildon, Essex, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Orthopedics, Hand and Microsurgery Unit, Basildon Unive rsity Hospital, Basildon, Essex</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Essex</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jithendran, N" sort="Jithendran, N" uniqKey="Jithendran N" first="N" last="Jithendran">N. Jithendran</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Bommanhalli, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bommanhalli, Bangalore, Karnataka</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Karnataka</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Parekh, Harshil" sort="Parekh, Harshil" uniqKey="Parekh H" first="Harshil" last="Parekh">Harshil Parekh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Orthopaedic Speciality Hospital, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Orthopaedic Speciality Hospital, Rajkot, Gujarat</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gujarat</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Minamikawa, Yoshitaka" sort="Minamikawa, Yoshitaka" uniqKey="Minamikawa Y" first="Yoshitaka" last="Minamikawa">Yoshitaka Minamikawa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Hand Unit, Namba Hand Centre, Osaka, Japan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hand Unit, Namba Hand Centre, Osaka</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Osaka</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Atagawi, Abdulljawad Almabrouk" sort="Atagawi, Abdulljawad Almabrouk" uniqKey="Atagawi A" first="Abdulljawad Almabrouk" last="Atagawi">Abdulljawad Almabrouk Atagawi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>GhotAlshaal, Tripoli, Libya.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Libye</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GhotAlshaal, Tripoli</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tripoli</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hadi, Jalal Ahmed" sort="Hadi, Jalal Ahmed" uniqKey="Hadi J" first="Jalal Ahmed" last="Hadi">Jalal Ahmed Hadi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Amman, Jordan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Jordanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Amman</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Amman</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Berezowsky, Claudia Arroyo" sort="Berezowsky, Claudia Arroyo" uniqKey="Berezowsky C" first="Claudia Arroyo" last="Berezowsky">Claudia Arroyo Berezowsky</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Av. Vasco De Quiroga, México.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Mexique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Av. Vasco De Quiroga</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moya Angeler, Joaquin" sort="Moya Angeler, Joaquin" uniqKey="Moya Angeler J" first="Joaquin" last="Moya-Angeler">Joaquin Moya-Angeler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Murcia, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Murcia</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Murcia</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Altamirano Cruz, Marco Antonio" sort="Altamirano Cruz, Marco Antonio" uniqKey="Altamirano Cruz M" first="Marco Antonio" last="Altamirano-Cruz">Marco Antonio Altamirano-Cruz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Mexico, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Mexico</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Mexico</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Galvis R, Luz Adriana" sort="Galvis R, Luz Adriana" uniqKey="Galvis R L" first="Luz Adriana" last="Galvis R">Luz Adriana Galvis R</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Bogota, Santa Barbara, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bogota, Santa Barbara</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Santa Barbara</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Antezana, Alex" sort="Antezana, Alex" uniqKey="Antezana A" first="Alex" last="Antezana">Alex Antezana</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Calle Tomasbfrias, Boliva.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Boliva</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Paczesny, Lukasz" sort="Paczesny, Lukasz" uniqKey="Paczesny L" first="Lukasz" last="Paczesny">Lukasz Paczesny</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Orvit Clinic, Citomed Healthcare Center, Sklodowskiej, Torun, Poland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Orvit Clinic, Citomed Healthcare Center, Sklodowskiej, Torun</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Torun</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fernandes, Carlos Henrique" sort="Fernandes, Carlos Henrique" uniqKey="Fernandes C" first="Carlos Henrique" last="Fernandes">Carlos Henrique Fernandes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Avenida Le oncio de Magalhaes, Sao Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Avenida Le oncio de Magalhaes, Sao Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Asadullah, Md" sort="Asadullah, Md" uniqKey="Asadullah M" first="Md" last="Asadullah">Md Asadullah</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Orthopedics and Hand surgery Unit, Eman Medical College Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Orthopedics and Hand surgery Unit, Eman Medical College Hospital, Savar, Dhaka</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dhaka</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yuan Shun, Lo" sort="Yuan Shun, Lo" uniqKey="Yuan Shun L" first="Lo" last="Yuan-Shun">Lo Yuan-Shun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Taiwan, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Taiwan</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Makelov, Biser" sort="Makelov, Biser" uniqKey="Makelov B" first="Biser" last="Makelov">Biser Makelov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Stara Zagora</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Stara Zagora</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dodakundi, Chaitanya" sort="Dodakundi, Chaitanya" uniqKey="Dodakundi C" first="Chaitanya" last="Dodakundi">Chaitanya Dodakundi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Émirats arabes unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Rashid Hospital, Dubai</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dubai</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Regmi, Rabindra" sort="Regmi, Rabindra" uniqKey="Regmi R" first="Rabindra" last="Regmi">Rabindra Regmi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedics and Reconstructive Microsurgery, National Trauma Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopedics and Reconstructive Microsurgery, National Trauma Centre, Kathmandu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kathmandu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pereira, Ganarlo Urquizo" sort="Pereira, Ganarlo Urquizo" uniqKey="Pereira G" first="Ganarlo Urquizo" last="Pereira">Ganarlo Urquizo Pereira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Urbcapillune s/n San Francisco Moquegua, Peru.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Urbcapillune s/n San Francisco Moquegua</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhang, Shuwei" sort="Zhang, Shuwei" uniqKey="Zhang S" first="Shuwei" last="Zhang">Shuwei Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Spine and Bone Tumor Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Spine and Bone Tumor Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement>
<region type="région">Hubei</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sayoojianadhan, Binoy" sort="Sayoojianadhan, Binoy" uniqKey="Sayoojianadhan B" first="Binoy" last="Sayoojianadhan">Binoy Sayoojianadhan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St James Hospital, Chalakudy, Kerala, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St James Hospital, Chalakudy, Kerala</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kerala</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Callupe, Ivan" sort="Callupe, Ivan" uniqKey="Callupe I" first="Ivan" last="Callupe">Ivan Callupe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Avenida Sanchez Carrion, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Avenida Sanchez Carrion, Lima</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rakha, Mohamed I" sort="Rakha, Mohamed I" uniqKey="Rakha M" first="Mohamed I" last="Rakha">Mohamed I. Rakha</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Orthopedic Department, Suez Canal university hospital, Ismailia, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Orthopedic Department, Suez Canal university hospital, Ismailia</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ismailia</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Papes, Dino" sort="Papes, Dino" uniqKey="Papes D" first="Dino" last="Papes">Dino Papes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of surgery (Ped and Vasc), University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of surgery (Ped and Vasc), University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Zagreb</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ganesan, Ramesh Prabu" sort="Ganesan, Ramesh Prabu" uniqKey="Ganesan R" first="Ramesh Prabu" last="Ganesan">Ramesh Prabu Ganesan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedics, KAP Viswanatham Government Medical College, Trichy, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopedics, KAP Viswanatham Government Medical College, Trichy</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Trichy</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mohan, Mukesh" sort="Mohan, Mukesh" uniqKey="Mohan M" first="Mukesh" last="Mohan">Mukesh Mohan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Trichy, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jeyaraman, Arun" sort="Jeyaraman, Arun" uniqKey="Jeyaraman A" first="Arun" last="Jeyaraman">Arun Jeyaraman</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>2 Chandraganthi Nagar, Bypass Road, Madurai. India.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Madurai</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Prabhakar, Ponnaian" sort="Prabhakar, Ponnaian" uniqKey="Prabhakar P" first="Ponnaian" last="Prabhakar">Ponnaian Prabhakar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement Care Hospitals, Nampally Hyderabad, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement Care Hospitals, Nampally Hyderabad</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nampally Hyderabad</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rajniashokan, Arungeethayan" sort="Rajniashokan, Arungeethayan" uniqKey="Rajniashokan A" first="Arungeethayan" last="Rajniashokan">Arungeethayan Rajniashokan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>2A Jeyam Paradise, State Bank Officers Colony, Cantonment, Trichy, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>2A Jeyam Paradise, State Bank Officers Colony, Cantonment, Trichy</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Trichy</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Geethan, I" sort="Geethan, I" uniqKey="Geethan I" first="I" last="Geethan">I. Geethan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Trichy, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chandrasekar, Sugavanam" sort="Chandrasekar, Sugavanam" uniqKey="Chandrasekar S" first="Sugavanam" last="Chandrasekar">Sugavanam Chandrasekar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Salem, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Low, Steffen" sort="Low, Steffen" uniqKey="Low S" first="Steffen" last="Löw">Steffen Löw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Clinic for Trauma and Hand Surgery, Bad Mergentheim, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinic for Trauma and Hand Surgery, Bad Mergentheim</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bad Mergentheim</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Bad Mergentheim</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Bad Mergentheim</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thangavelu, Kannan" sort="Thangavelu, Kannan" uniqKey="Thangavelu K" first="Kannan" last="Thangavelu">Kannan Thangavelu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Radha Medical Centre, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Radha Medical Centre, Erode, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Giudici, Luca Dei" sort="Giudici, Luca Dei" uniqKey="Giudici L" first="Luca Dei" last="Giudici">Luca Dei Giudici</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Chirurgiaarticolare di Spalla e Ginocchio, Albodei Medici e Chirurghi di Latina, Cagliari, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Chirurgiaarticolare di Spalla e Ginocchio, Albodei Medici e Chirurghi di Latina, Cagliari</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cagliari</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Palanisamy, Yuvarajan" sort="Palanisamy, Yuvarajan" uniqKey="Palanisamy Y" first="Yuvarajan" last="Palanisamy">Yuvarajan Palanisamy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Ortho One Orthopedic Speciality Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ortho One Orthopedic Speciality Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vaidyanathan, Singaravadivelu" sort="Vaidyanathan, Singaravadivelu" uniqKey="Vaidyanathan S" first="Singaravadivelu" last="Vaidyanathan">Singaravadivelu Vaidyanathan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Boretto, Jorge" sort="Boretto, Jorge" uniqKey="Boretto J" first="Jorge" last="Boretto">Jorge Boretto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ramirez, Monica Alexandra" sort="Ramirez, Monica Alexandra" uniqKey="Ramirez M" first="Monica Alexandra" last="Ramirez">Monica Alexandra Ramirez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bucaramanga, Santander</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Santander</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Goundar, Thirumalaisamy Subbiah" sort="Goundar, Thirumalaisamy Subbiah" uniqKey="Goundar T" first="Thirumalaisamy Subbiah" last="Goundar">Thirumalaisamy Subbiah Goundar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedics, Joint Replacement Surgery Unit, KMCH H ospitals, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopedics, Joint Replacement Surgery Unit, KMCH H ospitals, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kuppusamy, Thirumavalavan" sort="Kuppusamy, Thirumavalavan" uniqKey="Kuppusamy T" first="Thirumavalavan" last="Kuppusamy">Thirumavalavan Kuppusamy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Joint Replacement, Shri Bharani Hospital, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Joint Replacement, Shri Bharani Hospital, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kanniyan, Kalaivanan" sort="Kanniyan, Kalaivanan" uniqKey="Kanniyan K" first="Kalaivanan" last="Kanniyan">Kalaivanan Kanniyan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>AJRI, SIMS Hospitals No 1, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>AJRI, SIMS Hospitals No 1, Chennai, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Srivastava, Atul" sort="Srivastava, Atul" uniqKey="Srivastava A" first="Atul" last="Srivastava">Atul Srivastava</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Agra, Uttar Pradesh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Uttar Pradesh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chiu, Yung Cheng" sort="Chiu, Yung Cheng" uniqKey="Chiu Y" first="Yung-Cheng" last="Chiu">Yung-Cheng Chiu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Taichung</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bhat, Anil K" sort="Bhat, Anil K" uniqKey="Bhat A" first="Anil K" last="Bhat">Anil K. Bhat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, KMC, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, KMC, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Karnataka</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gopinath, Nalli R" sort="Gopinath, Nalli R" uniqKey="Gopinath N" first="Nalli R" last="Gopinath">Nalli R. Gopinath</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedics, Thoothukudi Medical College, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopedics, Thoothukudi Medical College</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Thoothukudi Medical College</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vasudevan, Vijayaraghavan P" sort="Vasudevan, Vijayaraghavan P" uniqKey="Vasudevan V" first="Vijayaraghavan P" last="Vasudevan">Vijayaraghavan P. Vasudevan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, SRM Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, SRM Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Abraham, Vineet" sort="Abraham, Vineet" uniqKey="Abraham V" first="Vineet" last="Abraham">Vineet Abraham</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Pondicherry, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Pondicherry</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Pondicherry</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<date when="2020">2020</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:33408440</idno>
<idno type="pmid">33408440</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1055/s-0040-1713964</idno>
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<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en">Perspectives and Consensus among International Orthopaedic Surgeons during Initial and Mid-lockdown Phases of Coronavirus Disease.</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jerome, J Terrence Jose" sort="Jerome, J Terrence Jose" uniqKey="Jerome J" first="J Terrence Jose" last="Jerome">J Terrence Jose Jerome</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedics, Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Olympia Hospital and Research Centre, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopedics, Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Olympia Hospital and Research Centre, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mercier, Francisco" sort="Mercier, Francisco" uniqKey="Mercier F" first="Francisco" last="Mercier">Francisco Mercier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Cl ínica Lambert Rua, Cordeiro Ferreira, Lisbon, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cl ínica Lambert Rua, Cordeiro Ferreira, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mudgal, Chaitanya S" sort="Mudgal, Chaitanya S" uniqKey="Mudgal C" first="Chaitanya S" last="Mudgal">Chaitanya S. Mudgal</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, United States; Hand Surgery Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, United States; Hand Surgery Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Hand Surgery Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hand Surgery Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Arenas Prat, Joan" sort="Arenas Prat, Joan" uniqKey="Arenas Prat J" first="Joan" last="Arenas-Prat">Joan Arenas-Prat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, ServeisMedics Penedes, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, ServeisMedics Penedes, Barcelona, Catalonia</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Catalonia</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vinagre, Gustavo" sort="Vinagre, Gustavo" uniqKey="Vinagre G" first="Gustavo" last="Vinagre">Gustavo Vinagre</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Qatar</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Doha</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Goorens, Chul Ki" sort="Goorens, Chul Ki" uniqKey="Goorens C" first="Chul Ki" last="Goorens">Chul Ki Goorens</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Regional Hospital Tienen, Tienen, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Regional Hospital Tienen, Tienen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tienen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rivera Chavarria, Ignacio J" sort="Rivera Chavarria, Ignacio J" uniqKey="Rivera Chavarria I" first="Ignacio J" last="Rivera-Chavarría">Ignacio J. Rivera-Chavarría</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Servicio Vascular Periférico, Hospital Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, San José, Costa Rica.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Servicio Vascular Periférico, Hospital Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, San José</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San José</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sechachalam, Sreedharan" sort="Sechachalam, Sreedharan" uniqKey="Sechachalam S" first="Sreedharan" last="Sechachalam">Sreedharan Sechachalam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mofikoya, Bolaji" sort="Mofikoya, Bolaji" uniqKey="Mofikoya B" first="Bolaji" last="Mofikoya">Bolaji Mofikoya</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lagos</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thoma, Achilleas" sort="Thoma, Achilleas" uniqKey="Thoma A" first="Achilleas" last="Thoma">Achilleas Thoma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Dep artment of Orthopaedics, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dep artment of Orthopaedics, Hamilton, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Medina, Claudia" sort="Medina, Claudia" uniqKey="Medina C" first="Claudia" last="Medina">Claudia Medina</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Calle, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Calle</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Calle</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rivera Chavarria, Ignacio J" sort="Rivera Chavarria, Ignacio J" uniqKey="Rivera Chavarria I" first="Ignacio J" last="Rivera-Chavarría">Ignacio J. Rivera-Chavarría</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Servicio Vascular Periférico, Hospital Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, San José, Costa Rica.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Costa Rica</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Servicio Vascular Periférico, Hospital Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, San José</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San José</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Henry, Mark" sort="Henry, Mark" uniqKey="Henry M" first="Mark" last="Henry">Mark Henry</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Houston, Texas, United States.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Houston, Texas</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Afshar, Ahmadreza" sort="Afshar, Ahmadreza" uniqKey="Afshar A" first="Ahmadreza" last="Afshar">Ahmadreza Afshar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedics, Imam Khomeini hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopedics, Imam Khomeini hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Urmia</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dailiana, Zoe H" sort="Dailiana, Zoe H" uniqKey="Dailiana Z" first="Zoe H" last="Dailiana">Zoe H. Dailiana</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Larissa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Prasetyono, Theddeus O H" sort="Prasetyono, Theddeus O H" uniqKey="Prasetyono T" first="Theddeus O H" last="Prasetyono">Theddeus O H. Prasetyono</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Jakarta</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Artiaco, Stefano" sort="Artiaco, Stefano" uniqKey="Artiaco S" first="Stefano" last="Artiaco">Stefano Artiaco</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Orthopaedic and Trauma Center, CTO, Turin, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Orthopaedic and Trauma Center, CTO, Turin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Madhusudhan, Thayur R" sort="Madhusudhan, Thayur R" uniqKey="Madhusudhan T" first="Thayur R" last="Madhusudhan">Thayur R. Madhusudhan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Glan Clwyd Hospital, Bodelwyddan, North wales, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Glan Clwyd Hospital, Bodelwyddan, North wales</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>North wales</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ukaj, Skender" sort="Ukaj, Skender" uniqKey="Ukaj S" first="Skender" last="Ukaj">Skender Ukaj</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Veternik, Prishtine, Republic of Kosovo.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Republic of Kosovo</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Reigstad, Ole" sort="Reigstad, Ole" uniqKey="Reigstad O" first="Ole" last="Reigstad">Ole Reigstad</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Hand Surgery Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hand Surgery Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Oslo</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Østlandet</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hamada, Yoshitaka" sort="Hamada, Yoshitaka" uniqKey="Hamada Y" first="Yoshitaka" last="Hamada">Yoshitaka Hamada</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Hand Surgery Unit, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi City, Osaka, Japan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hand Surgery Unit, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi City, Osaka</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Osaka</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bedi, Rajesh" sort="Bedi, Rajesh" uniqKey="Bedi R" first="Rajesh" last="Bedi">Rajesh Bedi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Fourth Avenue De nistone, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fourth Avenue De nistone</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Poggetti, Andrea" sort="Poggetti, Andrea" uniqKey="Poggetti A" first="Andrea" last="Poggetti">Andrea Poggetti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit, AOU Careggi, Florence</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Florence</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Al Qattan, Mohammad Manna" sort="Al Qattan, Mohammad Manna" uniqKey="Al Qattan M" first="Mohammad Manna" last="Al-Qattan">Mohammad Manna Al-Qattan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Riyadh</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Siala, Mahdi" sort="Siala, Mahdi" uniqKey="Siala M" first="Mahdi" last="Siala">Mahdi Siala</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Service d'Orthopedie, chu de purpan, Toulouse, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Service d'Orthopedie, chu de purpan, Toulouse</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region">Midi-Pyrénées</region>
<settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Viswanathan, Anand" sort="Viswanathan, Anand" uniqKey="Viswanathan A" first="Anand" last="Viswanathan">Anand Viswanathan</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="no comma">United Kingdom.</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Romero Reveron, Rafael" sort="Romero Reveron, Rafael" uniqKey="Romero Reveron R" first="Rafael" last="Romero-Reveron">Rafael Romero-Reveron</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Trauma and Orthopaedic Departamento, Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Venezuela</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Trauma and Orthopaedic Departamento, Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad, Caracas</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Caracas</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hong, Joon Pio" sort="Hong, Joon Pio" uniqKey="Hong J" first="Joon Pio" last="Hong">Joon Pio Hong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit, Asan Medical Center, Songpagu Seoul, Korea.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit, Asan Medical Center, Songpagu Seoul</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Songpagu Seoul</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Khalid, Kamarul Ariffin" sort="Khalid, Kamarul Ariffin" uniqKey="Khalid K" first="Kamarul Ariffin" last="Khalid">Kamarul Ariffin Khalid</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedics, IIUM Medical Centre, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopedics, IIUM Medical Centre, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Kuantan, Pahang</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Pahang</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bhaskaran, Shivashankar" sort="Bhaskaran, Shivashankar" uniqKey="Bhaskaran S" first="Shivashankar" last="Bhaskaran">Shivashankar Bhaskaran</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Iyer Orthopaedic Centre, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Iyer Orthopaedic Centre, Solapur, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Venkatadass, Krishnamoorthy" sort="Venkatadass, Krishnamoorthy" uniqKey="Venkatadass K" first="Krishnamoorthy" last="Venkatadass">Krishnamoorthy Venkatadass</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Leechavengvongs, Somsak" sort="Leechavengvongs, Somsak" uniqKey="Leechavengvongs S" first="Somsak" last="Leechavengvongs">Somsak Leechavengvongs</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Vichaiyut Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Vichaiyut Hospital, Bangkok</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bangkok</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Goorens, Chul Ki" sort="Goorens, Chul Ki" uniqKey="Goorens C" first="Chul Ki" last="Goorens">Chul Ki Goorens</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Taichung</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nazim, Sifi" sort="Nazim, Sifi" uniqKey="Nazim S" first="Sifi" last="Nazim">Sifi Nazim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Algiers Faculty of Medicine, Algiers, Algeria.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Algérie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Algiers Faculty of Medicine, Algiers</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Alger</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Wilaya d'Alger</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Georgescu, Alexandru Valentin" sort="Georgescu, Alexandru Valentin" uniqKey="Georgescu A" first="Alexandru Valentin" last="Georgescu">Alexandru Valentin Georgescu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Clinical Hospital for Rehabilitation, University of Medicine Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinical Hospital for Rehabilitation, University of Medicine Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj Napoca, Cluj-Napoca</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cluj-Napoca</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tremp, Mathias" sort="Tremp, Mathias" uniqKey="Tremp M" first="Mathias" last="Tremp">Mathias Tremp</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Dorfplatz 1, Cham, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Dorfplatz 1, Cham</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cham</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nakarmi, Kiran K" sort="Nakarmi, Kiran K" uniqKey="Nakarmi K" first="Kiran K" last="Nakarmi">Kiran K. Nakarmi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Kirtipur Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kirtipur Hospital, Kathmandu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kathmandu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ellabban, Mohamed A" sort="Ellabban, Mohamed A" uniqKey="Ellabban M" first="Mohamed A" last="Ellabban">Mohamed A. Ellabban</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Suez Canal University</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chan, Pingtak" sort="Chan, Pingtak" uniqKey="Chan P" first="Pingtak" last="Chan">Pingtak Chan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tuen Mun</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aristov, Andrey" sort="Aristov, Andrey" uniqKey="Aristov A" first="Andrey" last="Aristov">Andrey Aristov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Krasnodar, Russia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Krasnodar</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Krasnodar</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Patel, Sandeep" sort="Patel, Sandeep" uniqKey="Patel S" first="Sandeep" last="Patel">Sandeep Patel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Hamilton, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hamilton</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moreno Serrano, Constanza L" sort="Moreno Serrano, Constanza L" uniqKey="Moreno Serrano C" first="Constanza L" last="Moreno-Serrano">Constanza L. Moreno-Serrano</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Bogota, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bogota</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rai, Shwetabh" sort="Rai, Shwetabh" uniqKey="Rai S" first="Shwetabh" last="Rai">Shwetabh Rai</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Madhaw Market Lanka, Uttar Pradesh, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Madhaw Market Lanka, Uttar Pradesh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Uttar Pradesh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kanna, Rishi Mugesh" sort="Kanna, Rishi Mugesh" uniqKey="Kanna R" first="Rishi Mugesh" last="Kanna">Rishi Mugesh Kanna</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Coimbatore, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Coimbatore</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Malshikare, Vijay A" sort="Malshikare, Vijay A" uniqKey="Malshikare V" first="Vijay A" last="Malshikare">Vijay A. Malshikare</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>18.52 North Hand and Wrist Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>18.52 North Hand and Wrist Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Maharashtra</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tanabe, Katsuhisa" sort="Tanabe, Katsuhisa" uniqKey="Tanabe K" first="Katsuhisa" last="Tanabe">Katsuhisa Tanabe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Nishinomiya Municipal Central Hospital, Hayashidacho, Nishinomiya, Japan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Nishinomiya Municipal Central Hospital, Hayashidacho, Nishinomiya</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nishinomiya</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thomas, Simon" sort="Thomas, Simon" uniqKey="Thomas S" first="Simon" last="Thomas">Simon Thomas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Ort hopaedics, Rohini, Delhi, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Ort hopaedics, Rohini, Delhi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Delhi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gokkus, Kemal" sort="Gokkus, Kemal" uniqKey="Gokkus K" first="Kemal" last="Gokkus">Kemal Gokkus</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Alanya Research and Practice Center, Baskent University School of Medicine, Saray Mah, Antalya, Turkey.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Alanya Research and Practice Center, Baskent University School of Medicine, Saray Mah, Antalya</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Antalya</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baek, Seung Hoon" sort="Baek, Seung Hoon" uniqKey="Baek S" first="Seung-Hoon" last="Baek">Seung-Hoon Baek</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Daegu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brandt, Jerker" sort="Brandt, Jerker" uniqKey="Brandt J" first="Jerker" last="Brandt">Jerker Brandt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>HandCenter, Öresund, Baltzarsgatan Malmö, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>HandCenter, Öresund, Baltzarsgatan Malmö</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Baltzarsgatan Malmö</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rith, Yin" sort="Rith, Yin" uniqKey="Rith Y" first="Yin" last="Rith">Yin Rith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Cambodia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cambodge</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Olazabal, Alfredo" sort="Olazabal, Alfredo" uniqKey="Olazabal A" first="Alfredo" last="Olazabal">Alfredo Olazabal</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, CABA, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Saaiq, Muhammad" sort="Saaiq, Muhammad" uniqKey="Saaiq M" first="Muhammad" last="Saaiq">Muhammad Saaiq</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Hand Surgery, National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), Islamabad, Pakistan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Hand Surgery, National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), Islamabad</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Islamabad</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Patil, Vijay" sort="Patil, Vijay" uniqKey="Patil V" first="Vijay" last="Patil">Vijay Patil</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Orthopedics, Hand and Microsurgery Unit, Basildon Unive rsity Hospital, Basildon, Essex, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Orthopedics, Hand and Microsurgery Unit, Basildon Unive rsity Hospital, Basildon, Essex</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Essex</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jithendran, N" sort="Jithendran, N" uniqKey="Jithendran N" first="N" last="Jithendran">N. Jithendran</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Bommanhalli, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bommanhalli, Bangalore, Karnataka</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Karnataka</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Parekh, Harshil" sort="Parekh, Harshil" uniqKey="Parekh H" first="Harshil" last="Parekh">Harshil Parekh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Orthopaedic Speciality Hospital, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Orthopaedic Speciality Hospital, Rajkot, Gujarat</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gujarat</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Minamikawa, Yoshitaka" sort="Minamikawa, Yoshitaka" uniqKey="Minamikawa Y" first="Yoshitaka" last="Minamikawa">Yoshitaka Minamikawa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Hand Unit, Namba Hand Centre, Osaka, Japan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hand Unit, Namba Hand Centre, Osaka</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Osaka</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Atagawi, Abdulljawad Almabrouk" sort="Atagawi, Abdulljawad Almabrouk" uniqKey="Atagawi A" first="Abdulljawad Almabrouk" last="Atagawi">Abdulljawad Almabrouk Atagawi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>GhotAlshaal, Tripoli, Libya.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Libye</country>
<wicri:regionArea>GhotAlshaal, Tripoli</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tripoli</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hadi, Jalal Ahmed" sort="Hadi, Jalal Ahmed" uniqKey="Hadi J" first="Jalal Ahmed" last="Hadi">Jalal Ahmed Hadi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Amman, Jordan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Jordanie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Amman</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Amman</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Berezowsky, Claudia Arroyo" sort="Berezowsky, Claudia Arroyo" uniqKey="Berezowsky C" first="Claudia Arroyo" last="Berezowsky">Claudia Arroyo Berezowsky</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Av. Vasco De Quiroga, México.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Mexique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Av. Vasco De Quiroga</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moya Angeler, Joaquin" sort="Moya Angeler, Joaquin" uniqKey="Moya Angeler J" first="Joaquin" last="Moya-Angeler">Joaquin Moya-Angeler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Murcia, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Murcia</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Murcia</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Altamirano Cruz, Marco Antonio" sort="Altamirano Cruz, Marco Antonio" uniqKey="Altamirano Cruz M" first="Marco Antonio" last="Altamirano-Cruz">Marco Antonio Altamirano-Cruz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Mexico, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Mexico</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Mexico</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Galvis R, Luz Adriana" sort="Galvis R, Luz Adriana" uniqKey="Galvis R L" first="Luz Adriana" last="Galvis R">Luz Adriana Galvis R</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Bogota, Santa Barbara, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bogota, Santa Barbara</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Santa Barbara</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Antezana, Alex" sort="Antezana, Alex" uniqKey="Antezana A" first="Alex" last="Antezana">Alex Antezana</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>Calle Tomasbfrias, Boliva.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Boliva</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Paczesny, Lukasz" sort="Paczesny, Lukasz" uniqKey="Paczesny L" first="Lukasz" last="Paczesny">Lukasz Paczesny</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Orvit Clinic, Citomed Healthcare Center, Sklodowskiej, Torun, Poland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Orvit Clinic, Citomed Healthcare Center, Sklodowskiej, Torun</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Torun</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fernandes, Carlos Henrique" sort="Fernandes, Carlos Henrique" uniqKey="Fernandes C" first="Carlos Henrique" last="Fernandes">Carlos Henrique Fernandes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Avenida Le oncio de Magalhaes, Sao Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Avenida Le oncio de Magalhaes, Sao Paulo</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Asadullah, Md" sort="Asadullah, Md" uniqKey="Asadullah M" first="Md" last="Asadullah">Md Asadullah</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Orthopedics and Hand surgery Unit, Eman Medical College Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Orthopedics and Hand surgery Unit, Eman Medical College Hospital, Savar, Dhaka</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dhaka</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yuan Shun, Lo" sort="Yuan Shun, Lo" uniqKey="Yuan Shun L" first="Lo" last="Yuan-Shun">Lo Yuan-Shun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Taiwan, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Taiwan</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Makelov, Biser" sort="Makelov, Biser" uniqKey="Makelov B" first="Biser" last="Makelov">Biser Makelov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Stara Zagora</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Stara Zagora</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dodakundi, Chaitanya" sort="Dodakundi, Chaitanya" uniqKey="Dodakundi C" first="Chaitanya" last="Dodakundi">Chaitanya Dodakundi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Émirats arabes unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Rashid Hospital, Dubai</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dubai</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Regmi, Rabindra" sort="Regmi, Rabindra" uniqKey="Regmi R" first="Rabindra" last="Regmi">Rabindra Regmi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedics and Reconstructive Microsurgery, National Trauma Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Népal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopedics and Reconstructive Microsurgery, National Trauma Centre, Kathmandu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kathmandu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pereira, Ganarlo Urquizo" sort="Pereira, Ganarlo Urquizo" uniqKey="Pereira G" first="Ganarlo Urquizo" last="Pereira">Ganarlo Urquizo Pereira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Urbcapillune s/n San Francisco Moquegua, Peru.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Urbcapillune s/n San Francisco Moquegua</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhang, Shuwei" sort="Zhang, Shuwei" uniqKey="Zhang S" first="Shuwei" last="Zhang">Shuwei Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Spine and Bone Tumor Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Spine and Bone Tumor Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement>
<region type="région">Hubei</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sayoojianadhan, Binoy" sort="Sayoojianadhan, Binoy" uniqKey="Sayoojianadhan B" first="Binoy" last="Sayoojianadhan">Binoy Sayoojianadhan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St James Hospital, Chalakudy, Kerala, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St James Hospital, Chalakudy, Kerala</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kerala</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Callupe, Ivan" sort="Callupe, Ivan" uniqKey="Callupe I" first="Ivan" last="Callupe">Ivan Callupe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Avenida Sanchez Carrion, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Avenida Sanchez Carrion, Lima</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rakha, Mohamed I" sort="Rakha, Mohamed I" uniqKey="Rakha M" first="Mohamed I" last="Rakha">Mohamed I. Rakha</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Orthopedic Department, Suez Canal university hospital, Ismailia, Egypt.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Orthopedic Department, Suez Canal university hospital, Ismailia</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ismailia</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Papes, Dino" sort="Papes, Dino" uniqKey="Papes D" first="Dino" last="Papes">Dino Papes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of surgery (Ped and Vasc), University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of surgery (Ped and Vasc), University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Zagreb</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ganesan, Ramesh Prabu" sort="Ganesan, Ramesh Prabu" uniqKey="Ganesan R" first="Ramesh Prabu" last="Ganesan">Ramesh Prabu Ganesan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedics, KAP Viswanatham Government Medical College, Trichy, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopedics, KAP Viswanatham Government Medical College, Trichy</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Trichy</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mohan, Mukesh" sort="Mohan, Mukesh" uniqKey="Mohan M" first="Mukesh" last="Mohan">Mukesh Mohan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Trichy, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jeyaraman, Arun" sort="Jeyaraman, Arun" uniqKey="Jeyaraman A" first="Arun" last="Jeyaraman">Arun Jeyaraman</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:affiliation>2 Chandraganthi Nagar, Bypass Road, Madurai. India.</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Madurai</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Prabhakar, Ponnaian" sort="Prabhakar, Ponnaian" uniqKey="Prabhakar P" first="Ponnaian" last="Prabhakar">Ponnaian Prabhakar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement Care Hospitals, Nampally Hyderabad, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement Care Hospitals, Nampally Hyderabad</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Nampally Hyderabad</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rajniashokan, Arungeethayan" sort="Rajniashokan, Arungeethayan" uniqKey="Rajniashokan A" first="Arungeethayan" last="Rajniashokan">Arungeethayan Rajniashokan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>2A Jeyam Paradise, State Bank Officers Colony, Cantonment, Trichy, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>2A Jeyam Paradise, State Bank Officers Colony, Cantonment, Trichy</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Trichy</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Geethan, I" sort="Geethan, I" uniqKey="Geethan I" first="I" last="Geethan">I. Geethan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Trichy, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chandrasekar, Sugavanam" sort="Chandrasekar, Sugavanam" uniqKey="Chandrasekar S" first="Sugavanam" last="Chandrasekar">Sugavanam Chandrasekar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Salem, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Low, Steffen" sort="Low, Steffen" uniqKey="Low S" first="Steffen" last="Löw">Steffen Löw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Clinic for Trauma and Hand Surgery, Bad Mergentheim, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Clinic for Trauma and Hand Surgery, Bad Mergentheim</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bad Mergentheim</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Bad Mergentheim</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Bad Mergentheim</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thangavelu, Kannan" sort="Thangavelu, Kannan" uniqKey="Thangavelu K" first="Kannan" last="Thangavelu">Kannan Thangavelu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Radha Medical Centre, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Radha Medical Centre, Erode, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Giudici, Luca Dei" sort="Giudici, Luca Dei" uniqKey="Giudici L" first="Luca Dei" last="Giudici">Luca Dei Giudici</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Chirurgiaarticolare di Spalla e Ginocchio, Albodei Medici e Chirurghi di Latina, Cagliari, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Chirurgiaarticolare di Spalla e Ginocchio, Albodei Medici e Chirurghi di Latina, Cagliari</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cagliari</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Palanisamy, Yuvarajan" sort="Palanisamy, Yuvarajan" uniqKey="Palanisamy Y" first="Yuvarajan" last="Palanisamy">Yuvarajan Palanisamy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Ortho One Orthopedic Speciality Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ortho One Orthopedic Speciality Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vaidyanathan, Singaravadivelu" sort="Vaidyanathan, Singaravadivelu" uniqKey="Vaidyanathan S" first="Singaravadivelu" last="Vaidyanathan">Singaravadivelu Vaidyanathan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Boretto, Jorge" sort="Boretto, Jorge" uniqKey="Boretto J" first="Jorge" last="Boretto">Jorge Boretto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ramirez, Monica Alexandra" sort="Ramirez, Monica Alexandra" uniqKey="Ramirez M" first="Monica Alexandra" last="Ramirez">Monica Alexandra Ramirez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bucaramanga, Santander</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Santander</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Goundar, Thirumalaisamy Subbiah" sort="Goundar, Thirumalaisamy Subbiah" uniqKey="Goundar T" first="Thirumalaisamy Subbiah" last="Goundar">Thirumalaisamy Subbiah Goundar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedics, Joint Replacement Surgery Unit, KMCH H ospitals, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopedics, Joint Replacement Surgery Unit, KMCH H ospitals, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kuppusamy, Thirumavalavan" sort="Kuppusamy, Thirumavalavan" uniqKey="Kuppusamy T" first="Thirumavalavan" last="Kuppusamy">Thirumavalavan Kuppusamy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Joint Replacement, Shri Bharani Hospital, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Joint Replacement, Shri Bharani Hospital, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kanniyan, Kalaivanan" sort="Kanniyan, Kalaivanan" uniqKey="Kanniyan K" first="Kalaivanan" last="Kanniyan">Kalaivanan Kanniyan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>AJRI, SIMS Hospitals No 1, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>AJRI, SIMS Hospitals No 1, Chennai, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Srivastava, Atul" sort="Srivastava, Atul" uniqKey="Srivastava A" first="Atul" last="Srivastava">Atul Srivastava</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Agra, Uttar Pradesh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Uttar Pradesh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chiu, Yung Cheng" sort="Chiu, Yung Cheng" uniqKey="Chiu Y" first="Yung-Cheng" last="Chiu">Yung-Cheng Chiu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Taichung</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bhat, Anil K" sort="Bhat, Anil K" uniqKey="Bhat A" first="Anil K" last="Bhat">Anil K. Bhat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, KMC, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, KMC, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Karnataka</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gopinath, Nalli R" sort="Gopinath, Nalli R" uniqKey="Gopinath N" first="Nalli R" last="Gopinath">Nalli R. Gopinath</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopedics, Thoothukudi Medical College, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopedics, Thoothukudi Medical College</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Thoothukudi Medical College</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vasudevan, Vijayaraghavan P" sort="Vasudevan, Vijayaraghavan P" uniqKey="Vasudevan V" first="Vijayaraghavan P" last="Vasudevan">Vijayaraghavan P. Vasudevan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, SRM Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, SRM Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Tamil Nadu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Abraham, Vineet" sort="Abraham, Vineet" uniqKey="Abraham V" first="Vineet" last="Abraham">Vineet Abraham</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:affiliation>Department of Orthopaedics, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Pondicherry, India.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Orthopaedics, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Pondicherry</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Pondicherry</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Journal of hand and microsurgery</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0974-3227</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2020" type="published">2020</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">With a lot of uncertainty, unclear, and frequently changing management protocols, COVID-19 has significantly impacted the orthopaedic surgical practice during this pandemic crisis. Surgeons around the world needed closed introspection, contemplation, and prospective consensual recommendations for safe surgical practice and prevention of viral contamination. One hundred orthopaedic surgeons from 50 countries were sent a Google online form with a questionnaire explicating protocols for admission, surgeries, discharge, follow-up, relevant information affecting their surgical practices, difficulties faced, and many more important issues that happened during and after the lockdown. Ten surgeons critically construed and interpreted the data to form rationale guidelines and recommendations. Of the total, hand and microsurgery surgeons (52%), trauma surgeons (32%), joint replacement surgeons (20%), and arthroscopy surgeons (14%) actively participated in the survey. Surgeons from national public health care/government college hospitals (44%) and private/semiprivate practitioners (54%) were involved in the study. Countries had lockdown started as early as January 3, 2020 with the implementation of partial or complete lifting of lockdown in few countries while writing this article. Surgeons (58%) did not stop their surgical practice or clinics but preferred only emergency cases during the lockdown. Most of the surgeons (49%) had three-fourths reduction in their total patients turn-up and the remaining cases were managed by conservative (54%) methods. There was a 50 to 75% reduction in the number of surgeries. Surgeons did perform emergency procedures without COVID-19 tests but preferred reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR; 77%) and computed tomography (CT) scan chest (12%) tests for all elective surgical cases. Open fracture and emergency procedures (60%) and distal radius (55%) fractures were the most commonly performed surgeries. Surgeons preferred full personal protection equipment kits (69%) with a respirator (N95/FFP3), but in the case of unavailability, they used surgical masks and normal gowns. Regional/local anesthesia (70%) remained their choice for surgery to prevent the aerosolized risk of contaminations. Essential surgical follow-up with limited persons and visits was encouraged by 70% of the surgeons, whereas teleconsultation and telerehabilitation by 30% of the surgeons. Despite the protective equipment, one-third of the surgeons were afraid of getting infected and 56% feared of infecting their near and dear ones. Orthopaedic surgeons in private practice did face 50 to 75% financial loss and have to furlough 25% staff and 50% paramedical persons. Orthopaedics meetings were cancelled, and virtual meetings have become the preferred mode of sharing the knowledge and experiences avoiding human contacts. Staying at home, reading, and writing manuscripts became more interesting and an interesting lifestyle change is seen among the surgeons. Unanimously and without any doubt all accepted the fact that COVID-19 pandemic has reached an unprecedented level where personal hygiene, hand washing, social distancing, and safe surgical practices are the viable antidotes, and they have all slowly integrated these practices into their lives. Strict adherence to local authority recommendations and guidelines, uniform and standardized norms for admission, inpatient, and discharge, mandatory RT-PCR tests before surgery and in selective cases with CT scan chest, optimizing and regularizing the surgeries, avoiding and delaying nonemergency surgeries and follow-up protocols, use of teleconsultations cautiously, and working in close association with the World Health Organization and national health care systems will provide a conducive and safe working environment for orthopaedic surgeons and their fraternity and also will prevent the resurgence of COVID-19.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed>
<MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM">
<PMID Version="1">33408440</PMID>
<DateRevised>
<Year>2021</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>11</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic">
<Journal>
<ISSN IssnType="Print">0974-3227</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print">
<Volume>12</Volume>
<Issue>3</Issue>
<PubDate>
<Year>2020</Year>
<Month>Dec</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Journal of hand and microsurgery</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>J Hand Microsurg</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Perspectives and Consensus among International Orthopaedic Surgeons during Initial and Mid-lockdown Phases of Coronavirus Disease.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination>
<MedlinePgn>135-162</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1055/s-0040-1713964</ELocationID>
<Abstract>
<AbstractText>With a lot of uncertainty, unclear, and frequently changing management protocols, COVID-19 has significantly impacted the orthopaedic surgical practice during this pandemic crisis. Surgeons around the world needed closed introspection, contemplation, and prospective consensual recommendations for safe surgical practice and prevention of viral contamination. One hundred orthopaedic surgeons from 50 countries were sent a Google online form with a questionnaire explicating protocols for admission, surgeries, discharge, follow-up, relevant information affecting their surgical practices, difficulties faced, and many more important issues that happened during and after the lockdown. Ten surgeons critically construed and interpreted the data to form rationale guidelines and recommendations. Of the total, hand and microsurgery surgeons (52%), trauma surgeons (32%), joint replacement surgeons (20%), and arthroscopy surgeons (14%) actively participated in the survey. Surgeons from national public health care/government college hospitals (44%) and private/semiprivate practitioners (54%) were involved in the study. Countries had lockdown started as early as January 3, 2020 with the implementation of partial or complete lifting of lockdown in few countries while writing this article. Surgeons (58%) did not stop their surgical practice or clinics but preferred only emergency cases during the lockdown. Most of the surgeons (49%) had three-fourths reduction in their total patients turn-up and the remaining cases were managed by conservative (54%) methods. There was a 50 to 75% reduction in the number of surgeries. Surgeons did perform emergency procedures without COVID-19 tests but preferred reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR; 77%) and computed tomography (CT) scan chest (12%) tests for all elective surgical cases. Open fracture and emergency procedures (60%) and distal radius (55%) fractures were the most commonly performed surgeries. Surgeons preferred full personal protection equipment kits (69%) with a respirator (N95/FFP3), but in the case of unavailability, they used surgical masks and normal gowns. Regional/local anesthesia (70%) remained their choice for surgery to prevent the aerosolized risk of contaminations. Essential surgical follow-up with limited persons and visits was encouraged by 70% of the surgeons, whereas teleconsultation and telerehabilitation by 30% of the surgeons. Despite the protective equipment, one-third of the surgeons were afraid of getting infected and 56% feared of infecting their near and dear ones. Orthopaedic surgeons in private practice did face 50 to 75% financial loss and have to furlough 25% staff and 50% paramedical persons. Orthopaedics meetings were cancelled, and virtual meetings have become the preferred mode of sharing the knowledge and experiences avoiding human contacts. Staying at home, reading, and writing manuscripts became more interesting and an interesting lifestyle change is seen among the surgeons. Unanimously and without any doubt all accepted the fact that COVID-19 pandemic has reached an unprecedented level where personal hygiene, hand washing, social distancing, and safe surgical practices are the viable antidotes, and they have all slowly integrated these practices into their lives. Strict adherence to local authority recommendations and guidelines, uniform and standardized norms for admission, inpatient, and discharge, mandatory RT-PCR tests before surgery and in selective cases with CT scan chest, optimizing and regularizing the surgeries, avoiding and delaying nonemergency surgeries and follow-up protocols, use of teleconsultations cautiously, and working in close association with the World Health Organization and national health care systems will provide a conducive and safe working environment for orthopaedic surgeons and their fraternity and also will prevent the resurgence of COVID-19.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Society of Indian Hand & Microsurgeons. This article is published by Thieme.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
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